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Places of Ernest Rutherford's life

Paris Sorbonne 1910

Paris (France)

The City of Light was the cradle of radioactivity, the area in which Ernest Rutherford would make his most crucial first discoveries. And it is also in the French capital that several major figures of this new discipline have officiated, foremost among them Marie Curie .

Rutherford visits to Paris

1903: dinner at Langevin's in honor of Marie Curie

1912: radium committee

1917: "Defense" meeting

1918: "Defense" meeting

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Dinner for Marie Curie 1903

1903: dinner at Langevin's in honor of Marie Curie

Pictures:

  • The Sorbonne in 1910 - Source: Geneanet

  • Exterior of Pierre and Marie Curie's laboratory at EMPCI in 1898 - Source - Musée Curie - Source: University of Paris

While still living in Montreal , Ernest Rutherford made the trip to Europe to present his latest theories on radioactivity.

He included in his stay a trip to Geneva. On the way back, he stops in Paris. There he received a postcard from Frederick Soddy telling him, among other things, that Marie Curie wanted to see him.

He goes to Pierre and Marie's laboratory, but does not find them there. The reason is simple: on this day of June 25, 1903, Marie Curie is presenting her doctoral thesis.

Ernest returns to his hotel, disappointed.

What about the children?

The Langevins had three children at the time of this meeting in 1903:

  • Jean, born December 18, 1899 (3 ½ years)

  • André, born September 21, 1901 (almost 2 years)

  • Madeleine, born January 27, 1903 (6 months)

Another daughter, Hélène, was born on May 25, 1909

Source: Geneanet .

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Paul Langevin will have another son (Paul-Gilbert Langevin) in 1933 with Eliane Montel.

 

In 1903, the Curies had a daughter, Irène, born September 12, 1897, and therefore aged 5 and a half.

Eve Curie was born on December 6, 1904.

In fact, during this dinner on June 25, 1903, Marie was pregnant. But during the summer, at five months of pregnancy, she would lose this child. She would need months to recover and would therefore not seek the Nobel Prize awarded to her in December of the same year.

 

In 1907, all these parents set up the Teaching Cooperative for their children.

Hertha Ayrton, English friend of Marie Curie, will teach mathematics to Irene.

Extérieur du laboratoire de Pierre et Ma

Ernest and May therefore go to 29 rue Gazan, in the south of Paris.

It is here that Jeanne and Paul Langevin and their three children live, in a house facing Parc Montsouris.

To celebrate Marie Curie, Paul decided to invite the three members of his jury, as well as his closest friends, some members of his family and, at the last moment, the Rutherfords.

Here is how I describe this convivial meeting in my novel:

This excerpt has not yet been translated.

A little later that day, a second message reaches him. This time, it was Paul Langevin, the French researcher he had met six years earlier in Cambridge, who wrote to him; and he invited him that same evening to a dinner in honor of Madame Marie SkÅ‚odowska-Curie, a brand new doctor in physics.

Curie_Marie_-_Couverture_de_la_Thèse_pr

Rutherford et son épouse étaient les seuls à ne pas faire partie du cercle des intimes du couple Curie. Une fois entrés dans la coquette villa de Jeanne et Paul Langevin, ils firent en effet la connaissance d’Eugène Curie, beau-père de Marie ; de Bronia DÅ‚uska, sa sœur, qui avait fait spécialement le trajet depuis la Pologne ; de Jean et Henriette Perrin, des trentenaires pétillants et volubiles. Même si les Langevin et les Perrin n’avaient pas de liens de sang avec Pierre et Marie, ils formaient une famille choisie, construite autour d’idéaux communs, touchant autant à l’éducation des enfants, à l’émancipation des femmes, au combat contre les injustices. Ce n’était pas un hasard si, à la suite de Jean Perrin, tous avaient adhéré à la Ligue des droits de l’Homme, dès sa création, cinq ans plus tôt, dans l’agitation qu’avait suscitée la mise en accusation d’Alfred Dreyfus.

Les autres invités, bien que ne faisant pas partie de ce noyau amical avaient des liens anciens et fondateurs avec Marie. Les professeurs Gabriel Lippmann, Edmond Bouty et Henri Moissan étaient en effet les membres du jury qui avait évalué sa soutenance de thèse le matin même. De plus, Lippmann avait aussi été son professeur de physique à la Sorbonne, Bouty l’avait eu comme étudiante à la Faculté des sciences, tandis que c’était par l’intermédiaire de Moissan qu’elle avait pu se procurer les premiers échantillons d’uranium qui allaient la lancer sur la voie des rayons de Becquerel.

Ernest ne connaissait évidemment pas tous ces détails, ni les rôles joués par les plus âgés des convives, ni les liens fraternels unissant la petite troupe des Perrin, Langevin et Curie. Mais il ne put manquer de percevoir la complicité et la grande affection qui transparaissaient dans les paroles, les regards, les sourires et les rires partagés.

It is within the framework of the École normale supérieure, and in the context of the Dreyfus affair, that Jean Perrin surrounds himself with a group of unwavering friends, notably by political affinities: they are all socializing, and fiercely dreyfusards. They are Émile Borel, Pierre and Marie Curie and Paul Langevin. They all militate in the League of Human Rights from its foundation, and also participate in the first popular universities. The Borel, Curie, Langevin and Perrin clan is very united. The Borel couple and the Perrin couple will be of great help to Marie Curie during the tragic death of Pierre Curie in 1906 and during the Curie-Langevin affair in 1911.

Invités_-_25_juin_1903.png
Radium standard 1912
Commission Internationale des étalons du

Report given in an article in Nature, published on April 4, 1912 :

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The committee formed at the Brussels Congress of Radiology and Electricity in September 1910, with the aim of fixing an international standard for radium, a full report of which appeared in NATURE from October 6, 1910, met in Paris from March 25 to 28. Mrs Curie , MM. Debierne, Rutherford, Soddy , Hahn, Meyer and Schweidler. MM. Geitel, Eve and Boltwood were unable to attend. The main purpose of the meeting was to compare the standard prepared by Mme. Curie with others prepared by Hönigschmid from material in the possession of the Academy of Sciences in Vienna [...].

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Source: The International Radium Standard. Nature 89, 115–116 (1912)

Contrary to what is written in the article in Nature of April 1912, Marie Curie, sick, is not present.

All the measurements are carried out by André Debierne, Marie Curie's faithful assistant, in the presence of certain members of the Radium Commission .

In order to avoid radioactive pollution (about which Ernest had been alerted by Arthur Stewart Eve eight years earlier in Montreal), the operations were not carried out in the premises of Marie Curie, but in a laboratory of the Sorbonne, on loan from Gabriel Lippmann, who does not handle radiant substances.

Paris Sorbonne 1910.jpg
Le quai de Béthune dans l'île St Louis,

Marie Curie is not, however, kept aside: the members of the Commission will have lunch at her place, at 36 Quai de Béthune, on ÃŽle Saint-Louis. This will be an opportunity for everyone to pay her a courtesy visit but also to collect her validation of the conclusions of the working days that took place without her at the Sorbonne.  

36 Quai de Béthune - Paris 2011.jpg

Pictures:

  • The Quai de Béthune in ÃŽle St Louis, the Tournelle bridge, the Seine and Notre-Dame cathedral - Source: Wikipedia

  • 36 Quai de Béthune - Source: Wikipedia

  • "Marie Curie" plaque affixed to the facade of 36 Quai de Béthune - Paris 4th - Source: Wikipedia

  • Location of 36 Quai de Béthune on ÃŽle Saint-Louis, Paris 4th. Source: Google Map

Plaque Marie Curie au 36 Quai de Béthune
36 Quai de Béthune à Paris - Localisatio

Ernest Rutherford, despite all the sympathy he feels for Marie Curie, cannot help writing to Bertram Boltwood , who is also a member of the committee but has not made the trip from the United States:

Ernest Rutherford to Bertram Boltwood -

La réunion s'est déroulée de manière très plaisante et sans la moindre friction. Debierne avait fait d'excellents arrangements pour les appareils de test, et s'est révélé une personne très sensée. 

Nous avons tous déjeuné avec Mme Curie et sa famille. Elle a l'air plutôt faible et maladive, mais pas plus qu'à Bruxelles il y a deux ans. 

Nous avons tenu une courte réunion à son domicile et nous sommes ensuite retirés vers le Laboratoire pour réaliser les derniers arrangements, avec lesquelles elle était tout à fait satisfaite. 

Je pense que nous avons peut-être avancé beaucoup plus vite sans Mme Curie, car vous savez qu'elle à tendance à soulever des difficultés. 

Defense meeting 1917

1917: defense meeting on the detection of submarines

Ernest Rutherford will return to Paris in 1917 and will see Paul Langevin, Marie Curie, André Debierne, Jean Perrin on this occasion.

But the reason for his trip will be very different from that of his first two visits to the French capital.

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To be continued...

 

 

Defense meeting 1918

1918: defense meeting on the detection of submarines

Drafting in progress ...

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